Magnetic substances

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 Magnetic substances

Introduction:

Before I start to write my article about the classification of magnetic substances. let me first provide you some information related to a magnet.what is a magnet ?  This question may be circulating in your mind. But it is important to know the term before starting our article. A magnet is a material or object which produces a magnetic field . This magnetic field is not visible to us but it is responsible for the most notable property of a magnet : means a force which pulls on other ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, and attracts or repels other magnets . 

Magnetic substances

On the basis of magnetic properties the magnetic materials are generally classified into three types or categories . They are diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials which are discussed below .

Magnetic substances

Diamagnetic Substance :

The Diamagnetic substances are those magnetic substances in which the individual atoms or molecules or ions do not possess any net magnetic moment on their own.

for example,  Bismuth, antimony, copper, mercury, water, air, etc are diamagnetic substances.

Properties :

1) It should be noted that when a diamagnetic substance is suspended in uniform magnetic field, it comes to rest with its longest axis to magnetic field. 

2) When a diamagnetic substance is placed in a magnetic field , the lines of force does not pass through the diamagnetic substance. Hence the permeability of diamagnetic substance is always less than one but never negative. 

3) When a diamagnetic liquid is placed in non uniform magnetic field , the liquid shifts from the stronger parts to the weaker parts of the field. 

4)  Susceptibility is nearly temperature independent.

5) Take some diamagnetic liquid in a U-shaped tube. Apply magnetic field to one limb of the tube .The liquid in that limb is depressed. 

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Paramagnetic Substance : 

These are the substances in which each individual atom or ion or molecule has a net non-zero magnetic moment of its own. 

Properties :

1)  A paramagnetic substances comes to rest along with its longest axis parallel to the field when suspended in uniform magnetic field . 

2) The paramagnetic liquid shifts from weaker to stronger parts of the field when placed in non uniform magnetic field. 

3)  Susceptibility is inversely proportional to temperature.

4) The permeability of paramagnetic substances is always greater than one because when the paramagnetic substances is placed in a magnetic field , the lines of force pass through the paramagnetic substances. 

5) Take some paramagnetic liquid in a U-shaped tube. Apply magnetic field to one limb of the tube. we will see that the liquid in that limb is raised. 

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Ferromagnetic Substance :

Materials which exhibit strong magnetism in the direction of applied field are known as ferromagnetic materials.These are the substances in which each individual atom or ion or molecule has a non zero magnetic moment. The value of the magnetic moment of Ferromagnetic substance is very very large as compared to that of the paramagnetic substances. 

Ferromagnetic substances to some extent exhibit the properties of a paramagnetic substances. for example,  iron, nickle, cobalt are some of the ferromagnetic materials .

properties :

1) The magnetic field lines are strongly attracted into the ferromagnetic materials when they are placed in a magnetic field .

2) When a ferromagnetic substance is  suspended in uniform magnetic field, it comes to rest along with its longest axis parallel to the field. 

3) when a ferromagnetic liquid is placed in non uniform magnetic field , it shifts from weaker to stronger parts of the field. 

4) Take some ferromagnetic liquid in a U-shaped tube and apply magnetic field to one limb of the tube. The liquid in that limb is raised. 

5) Susceptibility is inversely proportional to temperature.

6) when a ferromagnetic substance is placed in a magnetic field , the lines of force does not pass through the ferromagnetic substances . Hence, permeability of paramagnetic substance is always greater than one.

Magnetic substances  

Conclusion:

The article provides you information about the classification of magnetic substances . This article has also discussed the important properties related to each  of them including their functions in uniform and non uniform magnetic fields. By the end of the report the classification of magnetic substances and their properties is clear.