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Electron Microscope Definition :
Electron microscope is that type of microscope which uses a beam of electrons especially accelerated electrons as a source of illumination.Electron microscopes have a higher resolving power than light microscopes and can reveal the structure of smaller objects ,as the wavelength of an electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter than that of visible light photons.
It should be noted that a scanning transmission electron microscope has achieved better than 50 pm resolution in annular dark-field imaging mode and magnifications of up to about 10,000,000×. whereas the diffraction of most light microscopes are limited
to about 200 nm resolution and useful magnifications below 2000×.
Point to remember :
we should also remember that an Electron microscopes use shaped magnetic fields to form "Electron optical Lens " systems , the lens system that are analogous to the glass lenses of an optical light microscope.
Electron microscope magnification:
If we talk about Light microscopes , they are great and all, but sometimes due to their (relatively) low magnification and resolution . They are insatisfactory for viewing very small things, like Organelles within cells. In these circumstances, we prefer to use an electron microscope . we know that Electrons are having a much lower wavelength than light (100000 times shorter in fact, at 0.004nm) which means that they ( Electron microscope) can be used to produce an image with resolution as great as 0.1nm. They can have magnifications of ×500000.
Talking about Electron microscopes, there are different types of Electron Microscope.
A Transmission microscope (TEM) produces a 2D image of a thin sample, and has a maximum resolution of ×500000.
A scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) .It has a maximum magnification of about ×100000.It produces a 3D image of a sample by ‘bouncing’ electons off and dectecting them at multiple detectors.
Electron microscope has several main advantages. These include:
First advantage is that they have Magnification and higher resolution – as electrons instead of light waves are used. The structures which cannot be seen it can be used to analyze them . The resolution of microscope images is in the range of up to 0.2 nm, which is 1000x more detailed than light Microscope.
High-quality images :
The microscope operator With proper training, can use the system to produce highly quality detailed images of structures, revealing complex and delicate structures that other techniques may struggle to reproduce.
Diverse applications :
It has has a diverse range of applications in many fields of research including technology, industry, biomedical science and chemistry. Examples of applications include semiconductor inspection, computer chip manufacture, quality control and assurance, analysis of atomic structures, and drug development.
Disadvantages of Electron microscope :
Cost, size, maintenance, researcher training and image artifacts resulting from specimen preparation are the main disadvantages or demerits of an Electron Microscope.
This is a large, cumbersome, expensive piece of equipment, which is extremely sensitive to vibration and external magnetic fields.
Another disadvantage of Electron Microscope is that it needs to be kept in an area large enough to contain the microscope as well as protect and avoid any unintended influence on the electrons.
Upkeep involves maintaining stable voltage supplies, currents to electromagnetic coils/lens and circulation of cool water , so that the samples are not damaged or destroyed from heat given off during the process of energizing the electrons.
A simple person cannot handle it, which means a special training is required to learn the involved processes of specimen preparation, to minimize and recognize preparation-related artifacts and to operate the microscope itself.
Electron microscope lab:
Electron Microscope Lab (EML) is an imaging core and shared resource facility of the University of California at Berkeley . Their mission is to provide microscope services. Their mission is also to provide training and education for the UC Berkeley campus, other different academic institutions, and private companies at-large.
Talking about Electron microscope lab , it is equipped with a high resolution scanning electron microscope ,Transmission microscope , full suite of ancillary sample preparation equipment to fit most EM-related needs and high pressure freezer . These equipments of Electron microscope lab can provide nanometer scale analysis for biological, chemical and materials science.
Conclusion :
In this article we talked about electron microscope definition, magnification , Transmission microscope , scanning electron microscope, advantages, disadvantages and the Electron microscope lab .
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